Prison Officers

ANZSCO ID 4421

Overview

Snapshot

Employed
24,900
Future Growth
5.3%
Weekly Earnings
$1,792
Full-Time Share
91%
Female Share
27%
Average age
46

Summary

Prison Officers supervise and control the activities of inmates in prisons and other correctional institutions.

Also known as: Correctional Officer.

Specialisations: Custodial Officer.

Formal qualifications are not needed to apply to become a Prison Officer, but applicants need to pass a rigorous selection process and undertake pre-service training.

Tasks

  • observing the conduct and behaviour of prisoners to prevent disturbances and escapes

  • inspecting and maintaining the security of locks, window bars, grilles, doors and gates

  • supervising prisoners during work assignments, recreational periods, sporting activities and meals

  • assisting with the implementation of education, rehabilitation and other programs organised for prisoners

  • searching prisoners and cells for weapons, drugs and other contraband items

  • patrolling assigned areas and reporting breaches of rules, unsatisfactory attitudes and prisoner adjustment problems

  • requisitioning prisoners' clothing, toiletries, reading material and other allowable items

  • supervising prisoners in transit between courts, prisons and other facilities

Characteristics

Job Type
Community And Personal Service Workers
Skill Level
Lower skill
ANZSCO Occupation group
Unemployment Rate
Below average
Industries
Pathway(s)
  • Vocational Education and Training (VET)
  • Informal or on-the-job
Interests
  • Practical
  • Administrative
  • Enterprising
Physical Demand
  • Medium

Outlook

Employment Outlook

JSA produces employment projections to show where likely future job opportunities may be. The latest data are for the five years from November 2021 to November 2026. Over this period, the number of workers:

  • is expected to grow moderately
  • is likely to reach 15,300 by 2026.
  • Source: Jobs and Skills Australia Employment Projections to 2026.

    Notes: The number employed includes people who work in this occupation as their main job. People who work in more than one job are counted against the occupation they work the most hours in.

    Employment projections figures are rounded to the nearest 100. Calculations based on these rounded figures may result in differences to the numbers that are displayed on this page. Employment projections data (including occupations) can be downloaded from the Employment Projections page.

Projected Change
5.3%
(or 800 jobs)
From
14,600
in 2021
To
15,300
in 2026

Number of Workers

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey, ABS seasonally adjusted data to November 2021 and Jobs and Skills Australia Employment Projections to 2026.
Year Employment
2011 14,900
2012 12,600
2013 15,900
2014 15,500
2015 18,400
2016 18,400
2017 20,200
2018 19,900
2019 18,600
2020 25,500
2021 14,600
2026 15,300

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey, ABS seasonally adjusted data to November 2021 and Jobs and Skills Australia Employment Projections to 2026.


Earnings and hours

Working arrangements

  • Around 92% of people employed as Prison Officers work full-time hours, in all their jobs combined. This is 26 percentage points above the all jobs average (66%).

    Full-time workers work an average of 44 hours per week in their main job. This is the same as the all jobs average.

    More than half of workers regularly work overtime or extra hours (either paid or unpaid).

    Median full-time earnings are $1,792 per week, this is much higher than the all jobs median ($1,593):

    • 3 in 4 workers earn more than $1,586
    • 1 in 4 earn more than $2,020

    Median hourly earnings are $45, this is more than the all jobs median ($41 per hour).

    Sources: Full-time share and full-time hours: ABS, 2016 Census, customised report. Compared to the all jobs average. Overtime hours: ABS, Characteristics of Employment, 2021. Full-time median earnings and median hourly earnings: ABS, Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours, May 2021. Compared to all jobs median.

Weekly Earnings (Before Tax)

Source: Based on ABS Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours, May 2021, Customised Report. Median weekly total cash earnings for full-time non-managerial employees paid at the adult rate. Earnings are before tax and include amounts salary sacrificed. Earnings can vary greatly depending on the skills and experience of the worker and the demands of the role. These figures should be used as a guide only, not to determine a wage rate.
Earnings Prison Officers All Jobs Average
Full-Time Earnings 1,792 1,593
Total Earnings 0 0

Source: Based on ABS Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours, May 2021, Customised Report. Median weekly total cash earnings for full-time non-managerial employees paid at the adult rate. Earnings are before tax and include amounts salary sacrificed. Earnings can vary greatly depending on the skills and experience of the worker and the demands of the role. These figures should be used as a guide only, not to determine a wage rate.


Industries

Main industries

1
Public Administration and Safety
99.5%
2
Administrative and Support Services
0.5%

Regions

Employment across Australia

NSW

28.8% All occupations: 31.6%

VIC

22.3% All occupations: 25.6%

QLD

17.7% All occupations: 20.0%

SA

8.3% All occupations: 7.0%

WA

16.7% All occupations: 10.8%

TAS

2.0% All occupations: 2.0%

NT

3.1% All occupations: 1.0%

ACT

1.0% All occupations: 1.9%

Employment by State and Territory (% Share)

State Prison Officers All Jobs Average
NSW 28.8 31.6
VIC 22.3 25.6
QLD 17.7 20.0
SA 8.3 7.0
WA 16.7 10.8
TAS 2.0 2.0
NT 3.1 1.0
ACT 1.0 1.9


  • Around 54% of Prison Officers live outside of capital cities, compared with the all jobs average of 38%.

    Western Australia has a large share of employment relative to its population size.

    The regions with the largest share of workers are:

    Source: Based on ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Share of workers across Australian states, territories and regions, in this job compared to the all jobs average.


Worker profile

Age and gender

Age In Years
46
All Jobs Average is 40
Female Share
27%
All Jobs Average is 48%
  • The median age of Prison Officers is 46 years. This is higher than the all jobs average of 40 years.

    A large share of workers are aged 45 to 54 years.

    Females make up 27% of the workforce. This is 21 percentage points below the all jobs average of 48%.

    Source: Based on ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Age profile and gender share compared to the all jobs average.

Age Profile (% Share)

Source: Based on ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Age profile of workers in this job compared to the all jobs average.
Age Bracket Prison Officers All Jobs Average
15-19 0.1 5.0
20-24 3.3 9.3
25-34 17.1 22.9
35-44 25.2 22.0
45-54 31.0 21.6
55-59 12.7 9.0
60-64 7.5 6.0
65 and Over 3.1 4.2
Median Age 46 40

Source: Based on ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Age profile of workers in this job compared to the all jobs average.


Employment Pathways

Education, training and experience

Formal qualifications are not needed to apply to become a Prison Officer, but applicants need to pass a rigorous selection process and undertake pre-service training.

Visit

  • My Skills to compare Vocational Education and Training (VET) courses, providers and student outcomes.
  • AAPathways website to explore Correctional Services VET training pathways.

Highest Level of Education (% Share)

Source: ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Highest qualification completed by workers in this job (in any field of study). Qualifications needed by new workers might be different from the qualifications of workers already in the job.
Type of Qualification Prison Officers All Jobs Average
Post Graduate/Graduate Diploma or Graduate Certificate 2.9 10.1
Bachelor degree 8.4 21.8
Advanced Diploma/Diploma 13.9 11.6
Certificate III/IV 45.1 21.1
Year 12 14.5 18.1
Year 11 5.0 4.8
Year 10 and below 10.1 12.5

Source: ABS Census 2016, Customised Report. Highest qualification completed by workers in this job (in any field of study). Qualifications needed by new workers might be different from the qualifications of workers already in the job.


Skills and Knowledge

Employers look for Prison Officers who are caring, compassionate and empathetic and can communicate clearly with a diverse range of people.

Skills

Skills can be improved through training or experience.

  • 55%

    Monitoring

    Keeping track of how well work is progressing so you can make changes or improvements.

  • 54%

    Social perceptiveness

    Understanding why people react the way they do.

  • 54%

    Reading comprehension

    Reading work related information.

  • 52%

    Speaking

    Talking to others.

  • 52%

    Coordination with others

    Being adaptable and coordinating work with other people.

  • 52%

    Critical thinking

    Thinking about the pros and cons of different ways to solve a problem.

  • 48%

    Active listening

    Listening to others, not interrupting, and asking good questions.

  • 45%

    Persuasion

    Talking people into changing their minds or their behaviour.

  • 45%

    Writing

    Writing things for co-workers or customers.

  • 43%

    Active learning

    Being able to use what you have learnt to solve problems now and again in the future.

  • 43%

    Instructing

    Teaching people how to do something.

  • 43%

    Judgment and decision making

    Figuring out the pros and cons of different options and choosing the best one.

  • 43%

    Learning strategies

    Figuring out the best way to teach or learn something new.

  • 43%

    Negotiation

    Bringing people together and trying to sort out their differences.

  • 43%

    Time management

    Managing your own and other peoples' time to get work done.

  • 39%

    Complex problem solving

    Noticing a problem and figuring out the best way to solve it.

  • 39%

    Serving others

    Looking for ways to help people.

  • 36%

    Systems analysis

    Figuring out how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect it.

  • 36%

    Management of personnel resources

    Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, and choosing the best people for the job.

  • 32%

    Operation monitoring

    Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.


Knowledge

These are important topics, subjects or knowledge areas.

  • 77%

    Public safety and security

    Use of equipment, rules and ideas to protect people, data, property, and institutions.

  • 65%

    Psychology

    Human behaviour; differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; research methods; assessing and treating disorders.

  • 62%

    Customer and personal service

    Understanding customer needs, providing good quality service, and measuring customer satisfaction.

  • 59%

    Law and government

    How our laws and courts work. Government rules and regulations, and the political system.

  • 58%

    Computers and electronics

    Circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

  • 52%

    Clerical

    Word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office work.

  • 52%

    English language

    English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

  • 49%

    Education and training

    Curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

  • 45%

    Administration and management

    Business principles involved in strategic planning, leadership, and coordinating people and resources.

  • 43%

    Transportation

    Moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road.

  • 41%

    Communications and media

    Media production, communication, and dissemination. Includes written, spoken, and visual media.

  • 41%

    Sociology and anthropology

    Group behaviour and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.

  • 39%

    Therapy and counselling

    Diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and career counselling and guidance.

  • 38%

    Personnel and human resources

    Recruiting and training people, managing pay and other entitlements (like sick leave), and negotiating pay and conditions.

  • 36%

    Philosophy and theology

    Philosophical systems and religions, including their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and impact on society.

  • 33%

    Mathematics

    Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, or statistics.

  • 26%

    Telecommunications

    Transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.

  • 25%

    Foreign language

    Foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.

  • 19%

    Medicine and dentistry

    Diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities, including preventive health-care measures.

  • 17%

    Economics and accounting

    Economics and accounting, the financial markets, banking and checking and reporting of financial data.


Abilities

Workers use these physical and mental abilities..

  • 57%

    Oral comprehension

    Listen to and understand what people say.

  • 57%

    Oral expression

    Communicate by speaking.

  • 57%

    Problem spotting

    Notice when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong, even if you can't solve the problem.

  • 55%

    Inductive reasoning

    Use lots of detailed information to come up with answers or make general rules.

  • 55%

    Speech clarity

    Speak clearly so others can understand you.

  • 54%

    Selective attention

    Pay attention to something without being distracted.

  • 52%

    Deductive reasoning

    Use general rules to find answers or solve problems logically.

  • 52%

    Static strength

    Lift, push, pull, or carry things.

  • 48%

    Far vision

    See details that are far away.

  • 48%

    Near vision

    See details that are up-close (within a few feet).

  • 48%

    Written comprehension

    Read and understand written information.

  • 46%

    Speech recognition

    Identify and understand the speech of another person.

  • 46%

    Sorting or ordering

    Order or arrange things in a pattern or sequence (e.g., numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

  • 46%

    Explosive strength

    Quickly jump, sprint, or throw an object.

  • 45%

    Written expression

    Write in a way that people can understand.

  • 45%

    Flexibility of closure

    See a pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) hidden in other distracting material.

  • 45%

    Trunk strength

    Use your abdominal and lower back muscles a number of times without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

  • 43%

    Auditory attention

    Pay attention to a certain sound when there are other distracting sounds.

  • 43%

    Dynamic strength

    Exercise for a long time without your muscles getting tired.

  • 39%

    Hearing sensitivity

    Tell the difference between sounds.


Activities

These are kinds of activities workers regularly do in this job.

  • 73%

    Negotiating and resolving conflicts

    Handling complaints and disagreements, and negotiating with people.

  • 71%

    Communicating within a team

    Giving information to co-workers by telephone, in writing, or in person.

  • 67%

    Making decisions and solving problems

    Using information to work out the best solution and solve problems.

  • 66%

    Keeping your knowledge up-to-date

    Keeping up-to-date with technology and new ideas.

  • 66%

    Documenting or recording information

    Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

  • 66%

    Looking for changes over time

    Comparing objects, actions, or events. Looking for differences between them or changes over time.

  • 64%

    Building good relationships

    Building good working relationships and keeping them over time.

  • 64%

    Checking compliance with standards

    Deciding whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

  • 63%

    Collecting and organising information

    Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or checking information or data.

  • 62%

    Monitoring people, processes and things

    Checking objects, actions, or events, and keeping an eye out for problems.

  • 60%

    Researching and investigating

    Looking for, getting and understanding different kinds of information.

  • 60%

    Helping and caring for others

    Providing personal assistance, medical attention, or emotional support.

  • 53%

    Doing physically active work

    Use your arms, legs and whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling objects.

  • 52%

    Checking for errors or defects

    Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials for errors, problems or defects.

  • 52%

    Guiding and directing staff

    Guiding and directing staff, including setting and monitoring performance standards.

  • 52%

    Making sense of information and ideas

    Looking at, working with, and understanding data or information.

  • 49%

    Training and teaching others

    Understanding the needs of others, developing training programs, and teaching or instructing.

  • 48%

    Working with computers

    Using computers to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

  • 48%

    Leading and encouraging a team

    Encouraging and building trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.

  • 47%

    Assessing and evaluating things

    Working out the value, importance, or quality of things, services or people.


Interests and demands

Learn about the daily activities, and physical and social demands faced by workers. Explore the values and work styles that workers rate as most important.

Interests

Interests are the style or type of work we prefer to do. All interest areas are shown below.

  • 95%

    Practical

    Practical, hands-on work. Often with plants and animals, or materials like wood, tools, and machinery.

  • 71%

    Enterprising

    Starting up and carrying out projects. Leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes require risk taking and often deal with business.

  • 67%

    Administrative

    Following set procedures and routines. Working with numbers and details more than with ideas, usually following rules.

  • 38%

    Helping

    Working with people. Helping or providing service to others.

  • 29%

    Analytical

    Ideas and thinking. Searching for facts and figuring out problems in your head.

  • 14%

    Creative

    Working with forms, designs and patterns. Often need self-expression and can be done without following rules.


Values

Work values are important to a person’s feeling of satisfaction. All six values are shown below.
  • 86%

    Support

    Supportive management that stands behind employees. Workers are treated fairly by their company, they are supported by management, and have supervisors who train them well.

  • 76%

    Relationships

    Serve and work with others. Workers usually get along well with each other, do things to help other people, and are rarely pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong.

  • 67%

    Independence

    Work alone and make decisions. Workers are able to try out their own ideas, make decisions on their own, and work with little or no supervision.

  • 57%

    Achievement

    Results oriented. Workers are able to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment.

  • 50%

    Working conditions

    Job security and good working conditions. There is usually a steady flow of interesting work, and the pay and conditions are generally good.

  • 43%

    Recognition

    Advancement and the potential to lead. Workers are recognised for the work that they do, they may give directions and instructions to others, and they are looked up to in their company and their community.


Demands

The physical and social demands that workers face most often are shown below:
  • 99%

    Contact with people

    Have contact with people by telephone, face-to-face, or any other way.

  • 95%

    Angry or unpleasant people

    Deal with unpleasant, angry, or rude people.

  • 94%

    Teamwork

    Work with people in a group or team.

  • 92%

    Telephone

    Talk on the telephone.

  • 91%

    Health and safety of others

    Take responsibility for the health and safety of others.

  • 89%

    Face-to-face discussions

    Talk with people face-to-face.

  • 88%

    Being exact or accurate

    Be very exact or highly accurate.

  • 85%

    Physically close to people

    Work physically close to other people.

  • 85%

    Repeating same tasks

    Repeat the same tasks or activities (e.g., key entry) over and over, without stopping.

  • 84%

    Indoors, heat controlled

    Work indoors with access to heating or cooling.

  • 83%

    Time pressure

    Work to strict deadlines.

  • 83%

    Physically aggressive people

    Deal with physically aggressive or violent people.

  • 82%

    Contact with the public

    Work with customers or the public.

  • 82%

    Impact of decisions

    Make decisions that have a large impact on other people.

  • 82%

    Lead or coordinate a team

    Lead others to do work activities.

  • 81%

    Consequence of error

    Work where mistakes have serious consequences.

  • 80%

    Conflict situations

    Deal with conflict or disagreements.

  • 80%

    Freedom to make decisions

    Have freedom to make decision on your own.

  • 77%

    Disease or infection

    Be exposed to disease or infections.

  • 74%

    Loud or uncomfortable sounds

    Be exposed to noises and sounds that are distracting or uncomfortable.

Occupational Information Network
O*NET is a trademark of the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.
The skills and importance ratings on this page are derived from the US Department of Labor O*NET Database Version 21.2, 33-3012.00 - Correctional Officers and Jailers.


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